• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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    • 专利摘要:
    Educational electronic device of multiple functionality for various branches of engineering. The invention relates to a device that, with a series of requirements at the microcontroller and power level, comprises the following subsystems: subsystem of digital indicators (provides the microcontroller with light indicators), subsystem of analog-digital conversion (transforms to a value of analog voltage in the range 0 - 5v the digital value of 8 bits from the microcontroller), subsystem rc rlc (highly configurable, consists of two meshes of electrical circuit that include resistors, capacitors and inductances), subsystem of external interface (allows to use external devices), servo subsystem (allows control of external radio control servomotors), potentiometer subsystem (consisting of a linear potentiometer), pushbutton subsystem (for entering data or digital information), sram subsystem (extends the storage capacity of the microcontroller in ram memory static) and miscellaneous subsystem (with components that they support the other subsystems). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2622734A1
    申请号:ES201600861
    申请日:2016-10-08
    公开日:2017-07-07
    发明作者:Juan Antonio FERNÁNDEZ MADRIGAL；Andrés GÓNGORA GONZÁLEZ；Ana María CRUZ MARTÍN；Vicente Manuel ARÉVALO ESPEJO；Cipriano Galindo Andrades；Javier González Monroy；Carlos SÁNCHEZ GARRIDO
    申请人:Universidad de Malaga；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION

    Multi-functional educational electronic device for various branches of engineering
     5
    Technical sector

    The present invention falls within the field of electronic training or learning devices, particularly those that allow a user to perform laboratory practices on concepts of FP level, degree or master in various branches of engineering.

    State of the art

    The existing electronic circuits for training in various methodologies and 15 concepts related to science and engineering are abundant, although we have not found any that contribute the novelties of the present invention or the same number of functionalities, much less considering the relatively low number of requirements that are established for its implementation.
    To structure this section, the following categories of related devices have been distinguished:

    A- Electronic boards where a microcontroller can be inserted and that provide a series of circuitry to train in the use of that microcontroller. They are much larger than the microcontroller, usually high cost and can offer a high number of 25 training possibilities. Examples: [23], [24], [25], [26]. However, none have the RC + RLC subsystem proposed in this invention, nor any other subsystems thereof, such as static RAM or connections with external devices of ± 10v.
     30
    B- Electronic boards that extend those based on microcontroller (for example, Arduino / Genuino [1] or PICduino [20]), commonly called shields. They are small in size (approximately the same as the one on the board containing the microcontroller), low cost and quite limited training possibilities, much more than those of the
    category A and those provided by the present invention. Examples: [27], [28], [29].

    C- Training plates for microprocessors (much more powerful than microcontrollers), such as Raspberry Pi [21]. They usually also have very limited functionality, even more than those in category A. For example: [30], [31], [32]. 5

    D- Electronic learning kits, not associated with any CPU (microcontroller or microprocessor), which allow to assemble circuits of diverse nature. For example: [33], [34], [35].
     10
    Categories C and D, although related to this invention, imply such important differences that they are considered not comparable with it: the microprocessor training plates (C) require a very important auxiliary circuitry to accompany them, something not necessary in the microcontrollers (which increases the cost, size and consumption); In addition, since microprocessors are electronic devices oriented to the execution of high-level computer programs (operating systems of certain complexity and user applications), they are quite far from what is necessary for learning concepts and methodologies related to engineering such as those that are intended here. On the other hand, the electronic learning kits (D) only allow training with very basic concepts, in some cases from other branches of Physics such as Mechanics, and never in a programmable way, which makes them little useful in levels of degree, master's degree or FP when it is required to achieve certain complexity and flexibility in learning and not only remain in the description of physical concepts (for example, being able to control the systems involved).
    With respect to the category A described above, the present invention provides functionalities that are not present in these solutions, can be manufactured at much smaller size and price but without having lower performance and does not require including a power adaptation system. Among the functionalities of the present invention that are not found in the solutions of this category are: an RC + RLC circuitry configured very precisely to perform Automatic Control, System Modeling and Data Acquisition exercises without having to add any device external to the invention; sufficient RAM for acquiring data from that and other subsystems (which can be significantly larger than what the integrated microcontrollers usually bring); connections to be able to control and acquire data from external devices that operate in the range of ± 10v (for example, motors of
    direct current), etc. In addition, the present invention directly reflects the names of the microcontroller pins in their own labeling, so it is very suitable for learning it (it does not hide it, which happens in other solutions of this category).
    With respect to category B, the present invention does not provide novelties in price or size, but clearly, in some of its functionalities, which, as in the case of category A, are not found in existing solutions, and also in the same number of functionalities provided at a similar or smaller cost and size compared to other shields: control of external devices of ± 10v, systems integrated in the same shield for experiments (RC + RLC circuitry, potentiometers, LEDs, push buttons, RAM static for data acquisition, digital-analog converter, serial communications (SPI), connectors for servos and meter 10 of their consumption), etc. The present invention, if manufactured as a shield, can thus cover learning exercises in a variety of engineering branches in a single device (Real Time Systems, Electronic Systems, Control Systems, Data Acquisition Systems, Robotics, etc. .), which is far beyond the possibilities of existing solutions in this category. fifteen
    It should be noted, finally, that the number of related devices that have been patented in this area of the technique are not as numerous as those marketed, due, among other things, to the rise of the open-hardware or open-source hardware movement ( the user can make their own devices because schematics are available free and publicly [43]), which is being tremendously important in the last decade. The 20 patents that have been identified related to the present invention belong mostly to category D (US4812125A [36], US4213253A [37], US4464120A [38], US5868575A [39], US4315320A [40], US3996457A [41], WO2015112103A1 [42]). There is one of category A (CN104424836A [22]), and others difficult to classify, such as CN201765731U [44] and CN103646585A [45], which could be considered in category B because 25 include expansion plates of a microcontroller board, but also in category A since they also patent the microcontroller board itself (in any case, these two patents in particular achieve functionality comparable to the present invention - not including, in any case, subsystems such as SRAM, RC + RLC or connection with external devices at ± 10v - only when multiple extensions are added to the microcontroller, 30 not only one, and therefore at a lower functionality / ratio (cost, size, etc.) than the present invention).

    Brief Description of the Invention

    The present invention comprises a printed circuit board with a large number of educational functionalities that can be manufactured with small size and low cost. The board includes a series of electronic components so that, once connected to a microcontroller that must meet minimum requirements, specified below, and to a sufficient power supply for its total consumption, it allows to perform a wide variety of exercises practical for engineering subjects, far superior to that found in existing devices of similar requirements, cost and size.
    The invention includes: a labeling that favors the learning of the direct programming of the microcontroller in question by explicitly replicating the names of the signals of the microcontroller itself (something that not all existing plates do); 8 digital outputs in the 0 / 5v range; 2 digital inputs in the 0 / 5v range capable of receiving digital data or independent external interrupt signals; 1 analog input and 1 output in the range of ± 10v; static RAM of any storage size as long as it has a three-line serial bus (SPI) connection, is compatible with the manufacturing size and has an expected current consumption compatible with the board power supply; 8 LEDs (LEDs); 1 linear manual potentiometer; 1 connector for radio control servomotors commanded by 5v PWM waves in two different formats, in order to cover almost all of those sold; a system for measuring the current consumption of the servo; 3 manual push buttons; and, finally, 1 linear subcircuit, called the RC + RLC subsystem in this invention, built on resistors, capacitors and inductances, of two meshes and highly configurable.

    Detailed description of the invention
     25
    The present invention comprises a printed circuit board together with electronic components that as a whole allow the realization of a variety of learning experiences in subjects of various engineering at the level of FP, degree or master. The values of the electronic components have been selected to maximize the functionality of the invention. Its main characteristic and novelty, therefore, consists in its high ratio 30 functionality / cost (and also functionality / manufacturing size), so that at a reduced production cost and size it can offer much wider functionality than other solutions currently existing, and in some of its subsystems, novel. That end has been achieved through the following strategies:

     The user can easily reconfigure some parts of the circuit according to the learning needs.
     The invention reuses the same subsystems when providing different functionalities. 5
     It can be manufactured as an extension of existing boards that provide the necessary microcontroller and power, as well as possible communications with a personal computer (PC).
     The specific use given to the microcontroller pins that the invention uses is specifically aimed at maximizing the functionalities that can be offered to the user.

    The requirements for using this invention are neither numerous nor too demanding; they are the following (see figure 1 for a general display of it):
     fifteen
     Have a board containing a microcontroller that operates at a voltage of 5v on its pins and that allows these pins to be connected to the invention through appropriate connectors. In particular, this microcontroller needs to have the following basic functionalities, all independently (in order to simplify the explanations that follow, all reference to analog inputs, digital outputs 20, input pins and output pins will be done following the corresponding nomenclature to the specific microcontroller presented in the preferred embodiment section of the invention, without any limitation being deduced since it is intended to exemplify in a generic and valid way any microcontroller that meets the requirements indicated herein):
    or 3 analog voltage inputs in the 0 / 5v range equipped with the converter or the necessary analog to digital converters, capable of providing digitized voltages to the microcontroller software with a minimum frequency of 9KHz (therefore, a clock for the microcontroller that allows those frequencies; note that a frequency of 9 kilo-samples per second is very low and can easily be achieved by many microcontrollers equipped with analog-digital conversion). They can share converter between the three analog inputs, and in that case only the indicated conversion frequency is required when each of them will be used
    individually. In the rest of this section, these analog inputs are called, for the purposes of this description, AD1, AD2 and AD5.
    or 1 digital output capable of generating PWM waves compatible with standard servomotors, that is, within the range of 30 to 60Hz frequency and 400 to 3000 microseconds of pulse width, either by hardware when connected to 5 internal timers of the microcontroller or software. In the rest of this section this output is called, for the purposes of this description, PD6.
    o An internal SPI communications control module [19] that allows the microcontroller to be a server of said bus and has 3 pins: PB5 (SPI-SCK) PB3 (SPI-MOSI) and PB4 (SPI-MISO). In addition, these pins must be able to be used as digital inputs or outputs independent of each other in case the SPI module of the microcontroller is not activated.
    or 2 independent input pins of interrupts to the microcontroller, configurable to trigger the corresponding interruptions by rising or falling edge, and with the ability to be used as independent digital input or output pins 15 if their functionality as interrupt input does not it is necessary. These pins are called, for the purpose of the present description, PD2 and PD3.
    or 8 independent digital output pins for which an unsigned 8-bit number can be sent. For the purposes of the present description, they are called PB2 (bit 0), PB1 (bit 1), PB0 (bit 2), PD7 (bit 3), PD5 (bit 4), PD4 (bit 5), PC4 (bit 6 ) and PC3 (bit 7). twenty
    or 1 digital output pin that is called, for the purposes of this description, PC0.
    or 1 digital input pin that produces a reset on the microcontroller when set to a certain state (digital voltage). It is called, for the purposes of this description, RESET.
     25
     Have a supply for the microcontroller board mentioned in the previous point that can provide at least 500 milliamps at a voltage of 5v, that is regulated, and that is accessible for the invention through appropriate connectors. If you have a source that provides up to 1 amp, the operation of the servomotor will be better in terms of torque, but with 500 milliamps it will also be correct and enough for the completion of educational practices.
     Have enough hardware and software to be able to program the resident microcontroller on the board mentioned in the first point from a personal computer (PC).
     If the invention is to be used for learning practices with external devices
    (motors, sensors, etc .; see the section of the external interface subsystem), have them. Even without them, the invention provides a significant amount of functionality that can be used.
     If the invention is to be used with external devices that require separate power from the microcontroller, dispose of it. 5

    The context of use thus described is general enough to match a wide variety of existing boards containing microcontrollers (typically 8 or 16 bits, but not only), and can be found in numerous university laboratories or vocational training institutes , and also with most homes, especially if only the functionalities included in the invention itself are used, without external devices added.
    The present invention is characterized by providing the student or student with a variety of very high learning possibilities in relation to engineering studies: Automatic Systems Control [3], Data Acquisition [4], Automation [5], programming of 15 Embedded Systems and Real Time [6], [7], Robotics [8], etc. All these possibilities have in common that the user must program the microcontroller mentioned in the previous requirements through some existing development environment (for example, for the preferred embodiment presented in this document, the Atmel Studio [9], which it is free, or the one provided by Arduino [10], which is also provided), in order to achieve its objectives 20 through the configuration and subsequent control of the different parts of the circuitry proposed here. The functionalities that this invention provides are not available in commercial microcontrollers alone, nor, in their entirety, in the plates that are usually marketed to connect them in order to use them as learning platforms.
    More specifically, the invention presented herein comprises 9 subsystems that can be used both alone and in various combinations, which gives rise to the high number of possibilities of practical exercises it allows.
    A general block diagram of the invention is shown in Figure 2. In the remainder of this section all subsystems are described in detail, as well as their particular requirements, their respective functionalities and their possible combinations. 30

    Digital Indicators Subsystem
    Figure 3 shows this subsystem. It provides the microcontroller with light indicators, useful for debugging, data visualization and other purposes. In particular, it allows programming from the microcontroller of 8 independent binary light signals (ON / OFF) in positive logic.
    This subsystem has the following requirements with respect to the microcontroller and the rest of the invention (taken from the requirements listed at the beginning of this section for the complete invention; to simplify those referring to the power supply or the presence of the microcontroller itself are not indicated):
     8 independent digital output pins, designated, for the purpose of this description, PB2 (bit 0), PB1 (bit 1), PB0 (bit 2), PD7 (bit 3), PD5 (bit 4), PD4 (bit 5), PC4 (bit 6) and 10 PC3 (bit 7).

    The usefulness of this subsystem is diverse:
     Learning the programming of digital output ports of a microcontroller, for example in subjects related to Embedded Systems or Real Time. fifteen
     Trace indicators and data visualization for program debugging. This is useful in any practice that can be done with the invention.
     Learning of programming embedded systems: if the embodiment of the invention uses for the so-called pins, for the purposes of the present description PB2, PB1, PB0, PD7, PD5, PD4, PC4 and PC3 more than one port of the microcontroller, the programmer 20 you must configure the indicators to the desired value without modifying the others, which requires relatively complex bit manipulation operations.

    The digital signals that this subsystem receives, from the microcontroller, are the same as those received by the DAC subsystem explained below, so that we save 8 additional digital bits in the invention, reducing its cost and size. This is one of the examples of reuse of subsystems and elements in the present invention.
    The digital signals will be conveniently protected with resistors so that the total current consumption in the event that all the indicators turn on simultaneously is assumed by the power supply. For this, LEDs of low consumption and high brightness are considered.

    Analog-Digital Conversion Subsystem (DAC)
    Many microcontrollers do not have analog outputs, so it is difficult to control electronic devices directly. The present invention includes a DAC subsystem (see Figure 4) in charge of transforming to an analog voltage value between 0v and 5v, in a linear fashion, the 8-bit digital value existing in the same microcontroller pins that act as inputs of the subsystem of digital indicators (ie PB2, PB1, PB0, PD7, PD5, PD4, PC4 and PC3). This gives a resolution of 5/256 = approximately 20mV on this analog output.
    This subsystem has the following requirements with respect to the microcontroller and the rest of the invention:
     8 independent digital output pins, designated, for the purpose of this description, PB2 (bit 0), PB1 (bit 1), PB0 (bit 2), PD7 (bit 3), PD5 (bit 4), PD4 (bit 5), PC4 (bit 6) and PC3 (bit 7).
     1 digital output pin called, for the purposes of this description, PC0.
     The miscellaneous subsystem, explained below, which provides a specific supply of + 15v.

    The invention will allow the analog output voltage to be frozen for a certain time by means of the digital output signal called, for the purposes of the present description, PC0 of the microcontroller (otherwise the conversion will be carried out continuously over time). This allows to avoid undesirable and abrupt changes in the analog output while some of the subsystem's digital input bits have not yet had time to be updated.
    The main utility of this DAC subsystem is that already mentioned to control external systems, for example DC motors (conveniently powered by separate 25) or LEDs (varying their luminosity), which fits perfectly in subjects related to Automation, Robotics , the Automatic Control or the Embedded Systems, but, in addition, the output is also connected to the electric RC + RLC subsystem, described below (the DAC subsystem is necessary for the RC + RLC), which allows to control a device of certain complexity . This combination of subsystems (DAC and RC + RLC) allows the realization of Automatic Control practices without adding any more device to the microcontroller (typically DC motors, bulky, expensive and needing additional energy sources), as will be described in the next section, thus reducing
    greatly the cost of necessary equipment in teaching laboratories.

    RC + RLC subsystem
    Figure 5 shows the block diagram of this subsystem, perhaps the most complex, innovative and with the most possibilities for carrying out learning practices of the entire invention.
    This subsystem has the following requirements with respect to the microcontroller and the rest of the invention:
     The analog output given by the DAC subsystem, described above.
     Optionally, the SRAM subsystem (see below). 10
     1 analog voltage input, called, for the purposes of this description, AD2, in the range 0 / 5v, equipped with the necessary analog-to-digital converter capable of providing digitized voltages to the microcontroller software with a minimum frequency of 9KHz ( therefore, a clock for the microcontroller that allows those frequencies). fifteen

    This subsystem consists of two electrical circuit meshes with linear elements [13]: the RC mesh consists of a resistor and a capacitor in series, so if the voltage in the resistor is considered as input and the voltage in the capacitor as output the behavior of a first-order linear system is obtained; The RLC mesh consists of a resistor, an inductance and a capacitor in series, so if the voltage in that resistance is considered as input and that of the capacitor is obtained, the behavior of a second-order linear system is obtained. Within the scope of electrical circuits, these two meshes are the simplest way to obtain first and second order systems.
    Each of these meshes individually has great utility when it comes to 25 practices on modeling LTI systems (linear and time-invariant). For this purpose, this subsystem must be combined with the analog output of the DAC subsystem, which can be easily connected (using a switch or selector) to the desired mesh according to educational needs, and the output voltage of that mesh must be sampled , saving the values in the static RAM of the invention (subsystem described below). One of the 30 novelties of this subsystem in the field of educational devices is that the specific values for the electrical components of both meshes, especially those of the
    The second inductance has been calculated so that the sampling of the output of any of them can be carried out properly with a microcontroller that has a minimum analog to digital conversion frequency of 9KHz (very slow), as explained in the requirements of the invention at the beginning of this section, that is, with a number of samples per unit of time large enough to be able to appreciate the main characteristics of the mesh behavior and that no aliasing occurs [14]. Because the electrical circuits usually have very fast temporal responses, there are not too many possibilities of values for the electrical components of the meshes that allow to obtain such slow responses. The following have been the components chosen for the first mesh: R = 100 ohms, C between 2µF and 21.7µF (selectable as explained below); for the second 10 mesh: R between 0 and 500 ohms (linearly variable), L = 47mH and C = 1µF.
    In addition to the modeling and temporal description of first and second order systems, both meshes allow the realization of Automatic Control practices, that is, the user can vary the analog signal produced by the DAC based on the mesh output, thus regulating its behavior, which constitutes another novelty contributed by this subsystem in the field of 15 educational devices. For this purpose it is important to verify that the output of the DAC will be between 0 and 5v, and that both meshes have a unit gain, so that their outputs could be greater than 5v even if the DAC only reaches 5v. Therefore, it should be considered that these outputs can be saturated in 5v (not to saturate them, it is enough to make the DAC produce less than 5v).
    The RC mesh, as indicated above, must be manually configured using a pair of 20 switches. These are used to select a capacitor value from a set of 4 different values: 2µF, 6.7µF, 17µF or 21.7µF, so you can set different time constants for the system and thus vary its behavior, within which the Microcontroller will be able to sample, obtaining various first order responses.
    The RLC mesh must also be configured, with the same objective: its resistance is variable 25 (it is a potentiometer) so that the user can change his behavior comfortably.
    In addition to operating separately, so that the user can choose which mesh to use (but only one at a time), both meshes can be interconnected, if desired not to be used individually, so that they constitute a third-order electrical system, what constitutes the third important novelty contributed by this subsystem in the field of educational devices. Thus, the first mesh would become a stage before the second. This is done using selectors 1 and 2 (see figure 5 again). In its third-order system format, being able to change the value of the first mesh capacitor (RC) is very important for
    the realization of educational practices, since it allows to vary the behavior of the output of the system, since it closely resembles a second order (small values of the capacitor) until the behavior of the third order (greater values of the condenser) appears. This allows the realization of systems approach practices by identifying dominant poles [3]. 5
    Finally, it should be noted that the first mesh will have at its input a buffer that will receive the output signal from the DAC and will replicate it without changes. This buffer is necessary to provide the power required by both meshes (in case they are connected in series to form the third order) or by any of them separately; in particular, it will give a minimum of 100 mA.
    Also, the final output, which can be sampled by the microcontroller, must be selected to be that of the first mesh, the second or the buffer itself without going through any mesh, again through selectors 1 and 2 The option of being the buffer itself allows the invention to be calibrated, in particular to which analog voltages the digital value sent to the DAC corresponds and to which digital values the analog value received by the buffer corresponds. In addition, it will be protected by two cutting diodes so that the voltages of 15 above 5v or below 0v do not reach the analog input of the microcontroller.
    In summary, this subsystem, thanks to its great flexibility, the careful choice of the electronic components and the microcontroller pins involved, and their combination with other subsystems of the same invention (the DAC subsystem mandatory, the RAM subsystem of optional), it provides the possibility of carrying out a large and innovative set of engineering learning practices, with only two selectors and a variable resistance as configuration mechanisms as a minimum configuration mechanism, and at an exceptionally reduced cost:
     Modeling, identification and study of the temporal response of first-order, second-order and higher-order LTI systems in subjects related to Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, with a variety of manually selectable behaviors.
     Data acquisition and sampling of the output of electrical LTI systems by means of a microcontroller, for subjects related to Automatic Control, Data Acquisition and Real Time Systems. 30
     Study of the stability and error in steady state of LTI systems, as well as of their transitory behavior by place of roots, for subjects related to Automatic Control.
     Implementation of different types of linear and non-linear control laws for LTI systems, in subjects related to Automatic Control, Real Time Systems and Embedded Systems.

    Microcontroller extension circuitry 5 with these benefits in terms of learning and with this manufacturing cost (and size) is not currently on the market.

    External interface subsystem
    This subsystem is shown as a block diagram in Figure 6. It is the part of the invention that allows the use of additional external devices when desired (which does not have to be necessary, as already described) for the realization of a in principle unlimited number of new practices. This functionality is also not usually present in existing educational devices (and, if found, is not accompanied by the rest of the functionalities of the present invention). For this, an electrical input and an output interface designed in the voltage range of ± 10v have been designed. There is a great diversity of external devices that operate analogically in that range (or in ranges contained in that range): motors, sensors, indicators and other electronic circuitry. This subsystem allows to generate an analog signal of ± 10v towards these devices and, simultaneously, to receive another signal in the same voltage range from them, so it is possible to close a control loop that has been implemented in the microcontroller. Keep in mind that both signals do not provide power, so the external device connected to the invention must be powered separately.
    This subsystem has the following requirements with respect to the microcontroller and the rest of the invention:
     The analog output given by the DAC subsystem, described above. 25
     The miscellaneous subsystem, described below.
     Optionally, the SRAM subsystem.
     1 analog voltage input, called, for the purposes of this description, AD1, in the range 0 / 5v equipped with the necessary analog-to-digital converter capable of providing digitized voltages to the microcontroller software with a minimum frequency of 9KHz ( therefore, a clock for the microcontroller that allows those frequencies).

    The generated output signal is produced from the analog output of the DAC subsystem, which is necessary whenever this external interface subsystem is used (another example of subsystem reuse for various purposes in the present invention). The output of the DAC subsystem is passed through a first buffer to decouple the DAC from the 5-interface subsystem, and then through an operational amplifier that scales and displaces it to obtain the desired range of ± 10v (for this a voltage of reference in the same invention). On the other hand, the ± 10v signal from external devices is passed through two operational amplifiers that scale and move it to the range of 0v to 5v, which enters the analog pin called, for the purpose of this description, AD1 of the microcontroller, which the invention will have conveniently protected (a reference voltage is also required here).
    To reduce the cost of the invention, both paths, input and output, can reuse the same reference voltage of 1.25v for their scaling and displacement calculations; in that case the output of the DAC, although it can be between 0v and 5v, should be limited by the user 15 to the range of 0v to 2.5v (from 256 to 128 possible analog voltages), since higher voltages will saturate the signal produced towards the outside at + 10v. If the invention were implemented with two different reference voltages, this would not happen.
    It should be noted that the input signal received by the part of the subsystem responsible for transferring from ± 10v to 0v-5v (input path) shares the pin called, for the purposes of this description, AD1 with another signal produced by the servo subsystem, described below; To select which one you want to read, the user has a manual switch. This has been designed like this because the practices that can be performed with the external interface subsystem do not need the servo subsystem (both do not make much sense in combination for educational practices), so both signals are not going to be read at the same time. 25
    Finally, both voltage conversion paths need a supply of ± 15v. This is produced by the miscellaneous subsystem described below, which, like the DAC, is essential for this external interface subsystem to work. To produce this voltage, the invention uses only the 5v power that is available according to the requirements explained at the beginning of this section. 30
    In short, this external interface subsystem allows to work, if desired, with a very large number of additional devices to the invention, and to carry out practices for both modeling and identification thereof (optionally using the SRAM subsystem for the acquisition of
    data) as direct control through the microcontroller. It also allows the realization of experiences of Data Acquisition, Programming of Embedded Systems, Real Time Systems, Robotics, etc.

    Servo Subsystem 5
    Figure 7 shows the diagram of this subsystem, in charge of allowing the control of external radiocontrol servomotors [16] (not included in the invention) by means of a digital output pin of the microcontroller, specifically the so-called pin, for the purpose of This description, PD6, by which a PWM signal can be generated as set out in the microcontroller requirements specified at the beginning of this section. 10
    This subsystem has the following requirements with respect to the microcontroller and the rest of the invention:
     1 analog voltage input, called, for the purposes of this description, AD1, in the 0 / 5v range equipped with the necessary analog to digital converter capable of providing digitized voltages to the microcontroller software with a minimum frequency of 15 9KHz (per therefore, a clock for the microcontroller that allows those frequencies).
     1 digital output called, for the purposes of this description, PD6 capable of generating PWM waves compatible with standard servomotors, that is, within the range of 30 to 60Hz frequency and 400 to 3000 microseconds of pulse width, and either by hardware when connected to internal microcontroller timers or by software. twenty
     Optionally, the SRAM subsystem.

    The novelty that this subsystem provides regarding existing educational solutions is its use of the PWM wave to control a great diversity of components (normally only radio control servos can be controlled), as well as the possibility of monitoring their electrical consumption; both are described in more detail below.
    This subsystem receives the PWM signal from the microcontroller and uses it for two purposes: first, to blink an LED, which allows you to perform timer programming practices and even use that LED as a trace and debug indicator, added at 8 30 LEDs of the digital indicator subsystem already explained; secondly, and principally, to send the PWM simultaneously to a series of physical connectors where various
    types of servomotors. The invention provides three different connectors for this purpose, since with that number all the devices that can be controlled with a PWM are covered in practice: one for servomotors using GVS (ground-feed-signal) format connectors, another for servo motors using the VGS connector format, and the latter for general loads that can receive a power signal commanded by a PWM. 5 The first two connectors cover almost all of the radiocontrol servomotor connector formats available on the market. The third allows the direct connection of any load other than a servomotor (motors, bulbs, etc.) that can be controlled with a switched signal (PWM) on a power rail, up to a maximum of the amperage that the source of power can provide. feed using the invention (for example, 1A). The 10 radio control servomotors have a similar power control system inside, so they do not need this connector; Having the same allows additional practices in Electronics, Automatic Control, etc.
    This subsystem also has a part in charge of filtering the 5v power that it sends to the servo; Its task is to prevent the propagation of noise and voltage drops between the servo itself and the invention (servo motors, such as electromechanical devices, are prone to cause such problems). The invention allows conventional size servos to be fed directly from the microcontroller board. In any case, the subsystem includes a rearmable fuse in the servo supply path for exceptional situations. twenty
    Finally, as already mentioned, this subsystem also has, in a novel way, a servo current consumption sensor, located in the power supply path, and implemented by means of a small value shunt resistor plus a voltage amplifier . This sensor provides an analog voltage between 0v and 5v that is proportional to the current that the servo is consuming at all times (considering that the maximum is approximately 25 1A), and, therefore, also proportional to the torque it is exerting. . The data thus acquired can be stored over time using the SRAM subsystem. To acquire them, the analog signal of this sensor can be connected to the pin called, for the purpose of the present description, AD1 (analog input of the microcontroller) mentioned in the requirements of the invention at the beginning of this section, using for this purpose a switch that 30 selects either this or the input signal of the external interface subsystem. The availability of the current consumption signal of the servo allows the realization of practices on Real Time Systems, Embedded Systems, Automatic Control Systems,
    Data Acquisition, Robotics (robots with legs, for example), etc.

    Potentiometer Subsystem
    This very simple subsystem is shown in Figure 8: it is a linear potentiometer that allows the user to manually set the value of a resistor and, through it, that of a voltage divider, thus generating a analog voltage signal between 0v and 5v that is connected to the pin called, for the purposes of this description, AD5 which is established as a requirement of the microcontroller (analog input). This subsystem only needs the 5v power supply that will be connected to the invention and includes protections against short circuits. The potentiometer in question will be of small size so as not to harm the size factor of the invention, and short-lived so as not to overhang the entire circuit.
    This subsystem has the following requirements with respect to the microcontroller and the rest of the invention:
     1 analog voltage input, called, for the purposes of this description, AD5, in the 0 / 5v range equipped with the necessary analog-to-digital converter capable of providing 15 digitized voltages to the microcontroller software with a minimum frequency of 9KHz (per therefore, a clock for the microcontroller that allows those frequencies).

    The usefulness of this subsystem is to perform simple data acquisition practices, embedded system programming, automatic control and automation (such as analog input 20 or system configuration parameter), etc., as well as being able to implement complex practices more simply by simplifying some analog input, since it can be replaced by the potentiometer.

    Pushbutton Subsystem 25
    This subsystem is also very simple, as seen in Figure 9. The invention includes here 3 buttons that the user can use to enter data or digital information. They are connected to three digital inputs of the microcontroller, specifically those referred to, for the purpose of this description, PB4, PB3 and PD2 in the requirements specification. It should be noted that the first two pins are shared with the 30 SRAM subsystem in a mandatory manner; therefore, they are conveniently protected against unwanted short circuits or interference between both subsystems in the present invention.
    This subsystem has the following requirements with respect to the microcontroller and the rest of the invention:
     2 digital input signals called, for the purposes of the present description, PB3 and PB4 independent of each other.
     1 external interrupt input pin called, for the purposes of this description, PD2.

    The three buttons can be used in many practices, as an indication by the user that the system can go to another state, as a signal for the beginning or end of practices dealing with other subsystems, or as a simple data entry. In order to read the status of any one of them, the corresponding microcontroller registers can be accessed, that is, by active waiting, but, in addition, the button associated to the so-called pin, for the purposes of this description, PD2 can be used as input external interruption, since in the requirements that have been specified that pin also has the interruption functionality. Therefore, that button can trigger events. Its usefulness is thus extended to programming practices 15 of Embedded Systems and Real Time Systems, among others.

    SRAM subsystem
    The invention includes a subsystem that makes it possible to expand the storage capacity in RAM of the microcontroller, which is usually too low to acquire a relevant volume of data. This is also a novelty of the present invention with respect to existing solutions in the field of educational devices. Figure 10 shows how this subsystem provides the board with this additional static RAM. We have selected static memory to avoid the need for additional circuitry or software that has to deal with the periodic refreshment of its content 25 [18]. Its storage size can be any that suits the manufacture of the invention and the use of this subsystem for data collection tasks.
    This subsystem has the following requirements with respect to the microcontroller and the rest of the invention:
     An internal SPI communications control module [19] that allows the microcontroller to be a server of said bus and that has 3 pins named, for the purposes of this description, PB5 (SPI-SCK) PB3 (SPI-MOSI) and PB4 (SPI-MISO).
     1 digital output pin called, for the purposes of this description, PD2.

    This subsystem can be used in a variety of practices, especially those that involve data acquisition (some already mentioned in previous sections, related to Automatic Control, for example), but also for performing two types of particular exercises, which further increases the educational functionalities of the invention: the study of real-time aspects of data acquisition, since that memory exhibits specific and measurable delay times by the microcontroller during its operation, and practice with the bus of SPI serial communications for embedded systems, which is what the invention uses to communicate the microcontroller with memory. Both studies have a perfect place in subjects related to Real-Time Systems and the programming of Embedded Systems.
    The invention is designed so that communications of the SRAM subsystem with the microcontroller can be disabled by means of the pin called, for the purpose of the present description, PD2 of digital output thereof, so that the so-called pins 15 can be reused, for the purpose of the present description, PB4 and PB3 for the push button subsystem, without collision problems with the SPI bus while the SRAM is disabled (the data stored in it is not lost because of it).
    The SRAM only needs the 5v power available for the invention and a short circuit protection resistors. twenty

    Miscellaneous Subsystem
    The present invention is completed with some other components that we have grouped into a miscellaneous subsystem, which support others in various ways. This subsystem includes (see Figure 11): 25
     A filtering circuit that avoids noise and voltage drops in the power supply that the invention uses. The output of this circuit is the 5v (and the earth) that feed the rest of the subsystems described above. It also has a resettable fuse for exceptional power consumption situations, as well as a power indicator LED. The filter is an essential element of the invention, while the resettable fuse 30 and the indicator LED are optional.
     A DC / DC converter that transforms the 5v of the previous filter into a power supply
    ± 15v, necessary for the external interface subsystem, as discussed above.
     A button that activates the RESET signal of the microcontroller. This button is necessary only when the invention is carried out in such a way that it conceals the microcontroller and avoids the possibility of restarting it (as is the case in the preferred embodiment, described below). 5
     A replica of the names of the pins that the microcontroller provides to the invention (according to the requirements established at the beginning of this section), according to the manufacturer's nomenclature. This facilitates the realization of practices for programming embedded systems with this microcontroller.
     An electrical bridge that connects, in a conveniently protected way (with a resistance), the so-called pins, for the purposes of this description, PD6 and PD3 that the microcontroller must have according to our requirements. As mentioned earlier, the first one is a digital output pin and also the pin that provides the PWM output for the servomotor subsystem, while the second is a pin that receives one of the external interrupts of the microcontroller. The reason for reusing both to interconnect them in this way is to enable the possibility that the user can detect by means of this interruption the descents or rises of the PWM signal, used mainly in the servo subsystem, and act accordingly. This is useful in Embedded Systems, Automatic Control, Data Acquisition and Real Time practices. twenty

    Description of the figures

    Fig. 1. Deployment of the invention for use.
    Fig. 2. General block diagram of the invention. 25
    Fig. 3. Subsystem of digital LED indicators.
    Fig. 4. Digital-analog conversion subsystem that receives the same digital data as the LED indicator subsystem, plus an enable signal, and converts the binary numerical data represented by the former into a low power analog voltage.
    Fig. 5. Block diagram of the RC + RLC subsystem, which receives the analog signal produced by the DAC subsystem and produces another analog signal that can be read on the analog input pin AD2 of the microcontroller. RC and RLC meshes are internally configurable
    by means of two switches and a potentiometer, respectively, while the interconnections between them are defined by selectors 1 and 2.
    Fig. 6. Interface subsystem with external devices. It receives the power available to the invention and the output signal of the DAC subsystem, and produces a signal equal to this but in the range ± 10v for external devices. You can also receive a ± 10v 5 signal from them and transfer it to the analog input AD1 of the microcontroller.
    Fig. 7. Control subsystem of radiocontrol servomotors and loads that need power. It receives a PWM digital signal (0-5v) from the PD6 pin of the microcontroller, and can use it to: turn on and off an LED, control servos with G-V-S or V-G-S connectors, and control loads that require power. The power of the connectors is conveniently filtered against noise and consumption peaks, and can be measured by the analog input AD1 of the microcontroller.
    Fig. 8. Manual potentiometer subsystem. The user can change its position, which is reflected in an analog voltage that can be read by the AD5 input of the microcontroller.
    Fig. 9. Push button subsystem. Each one is independent of the others and produces a voltage of 5v if it is pressed (0v in case it is not) on a digital input pin of the microcontroller.
    Fig. 10. SRAM subsystem for external data storage. The microcontroller communicates with it via its own SPI bus plus an enable signal.
    Fig. 11. Miscellaneous subsystem of the invention. This includes, from left to right, a filter 20 for noise in the power supply that reaches the invention, a light indicator of said power supply, a push-button that allows the microcontroller to be reset, a direct replica of all the connectors on the microcontroller board that are available for such use and an interconnection of the PD6 pin with the PD2 pin of the microcontroller to perform some interruption exercises. 25
    Fig. 12. Realistic simulation of the preferred embodiment, where its physical appearance is appreciated. This PCB will be connected to an Arduino / Genuino UNO board (not shown) using the male pins that are observed on the sides of its lower part, so it has the same dimensions as this: 68.6 mm x 53.4 mm [2].
    Fig. 13. General schematic of the preferred embodiment and of the part of the miscellaneous subsystem 30 which has nothing to do with the feeding of the invention. This figure shows the interconnections of the different subsystems (shown in the following figures), as well as those between them and the ATmega328P microcontroller of the Arduino / Genuino UNO board.
    Fig. 14. Schematic with the preferred embodiment of the LED indicator subsystem.
    Fig. 15. Schematic with the preferred embodiment of the digital-analog conversion subsystem.
    Fig. 16. Schematic with the preferred embodiment of the RC + RLC subsystem.
    Fig. 17. Schematic with the preferred embodiment of the interface subsystem with external devices.
    Fig. 18. Schematic with the preferred embodiment of the control subsystem of radio control servomotors and loads that need power.
    Fig. 19. Schematic with the preferred embodiment of the manual potentiometer subsystem.
    Fig. 20. Schematic with the preferred embodiment of the push button subsystem. 10
    Fig. 21. Schematic with the preferred embodiment of the SRAM subsystem.
    Fig. 22. Schematic with the preferred embodiment of the part of the miscellaneous subsystem related to the feeding of the invention.
    Fig. 23. Top track face of the PCB for the preferred embodiment.
    Fig. 24. Bottom track face of the PCB for the preferred embodiment. fifteen
    Fig. 25. Simulated appearance of the upper face of the PCB for the preferred embodiment, once the components are welded, where the labeling designed for the invention is appreciated, which on the side connectors replicates the name of the ATmega328P microcontroller pins, something not available on the Arduino / Genuino UNO board.
    Fig. 26. Simulated appearance of the underside of the PCB for the preferred embodiment, once the components are welded. The connection pins connecting the invention with the Arduino / Genuino UNO board are observed pointing out the image.

    Preferred embodiment of the invention
     25
    The constitution and characteristics of the invention will be better understood with the aid of the following description of embodiments, it being understood that the invention is not limited to these embodiments, but that the protection encompasses all those alternative embodiments that may be included within the content and content. scope of the claims. Likewise, the present document refers to various references as prior art, being understood as incorporated by reference the content of all these documents, in order to offer as complete a description as possible of the state of the art in which the present invention is framed. The terminology used below is intended to describe the example of embodiment that follows and should not be construed as limiting or
    restrictive
    In this section we describe a preferred form of implementation of the invention. In this we choose the Arduino / Genuino UNO board [2] as the microcontroller container, which will therefore be the Atmega328P of Atmel [11]. In this case the invention consists of an Arduino / Genuino extension plate (that is, a shield), so it has the same dimensions as this: 68.6 mm x 53.4 mm [2]. In this printed circuit board (PCB) the necessary components for the realization of the invention are soldered, finally obtaining a circuitry that is manually connected to the Arduino / Genuine UNO board by a series of pins (see figure 12). The power of the invention comes from that received by the Arduino / Genuino UNO board, which may, in turn, come from the same PC from where it is programmed (via USB, which gives 5v and up to 500 mA), or from an external power supply between 7v and 12v connected to the Arduino / Genuino UNO board through its power input jack. The Arduino / Genuino UNO board has linear regulators so that in the latter case the requirements specified for the invention in terms of power are met (in the first case the USB itself already has a regulated voltage). fifteen
    As already explained, the present invention provides functionalities not currently available in the identified existing devices, such as RC + RLC circuitry, SRAM or ± 10v connections with external devices.
    Each subsystem of those explained in detail in the previous section corresponds in this preferred embodiment with an electronic circuit. Figures 13 to 22 are the schematics 20 of said electronic circuits. These schematics show the values of the electronic components chosen for it, which comply with everything specified in general above, as well as their specific models in cases where the specific model or part is important to comply with the description of the invention and / or get a good functionality / cost ratio. 25
    In particular, the functionality of the DAC subsystem is provided by the integrated TLC7524 digital-analog conversion circuit [12] plus a 2.5v voltage reference that can be obtained easily from the 5vs that feed the invention; In the RC + RLC subsystem, the first mesh has at its input a TLV4111 buffer [15] that receives the DAC output signal and replicates it, which can give a maximum of 150mA, thus fulfilling the requirements of the invention; For the potentiometer subsystem we have chosen the potentiometer model RK09K1110A0J from the manufacturer ALPS [17].
    Figures 23 and 24 show the faces of upper and lower tracks respectively of the PCB
    of the preferred embodiment, as they would once be ready for manufacturing. Likewise, Figures 25 and 26 show, in a simulated way, how both sides would look with the welded components, which also serves to appreciate the labeling designed for the invention, which on the side connectors replicates the name of the ATmega328P microcontroller pins, something not available on the Arduino / Genuino UNO board and that can make it difficult to learn from said controller, as already mentioned above.

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    权利要求:
    Claims (26)
    [1]

    1. Multi-functional educational electronic device for various branches of engineering that requires
     5
     Have a board containing a microcontroller that operates at a voltage of 5v on its pins and that allows these pins to be connected to the educational electronic device through appropriate connectors, said microcontroller having:
     3 analog voltage inputs in the 0 / 5v range equipped with the converter or 10 necessary analog to digital converters, capable of providing digitized voltages to the microcontroller software with a minimum frequency of 9KHz;
     1 digital output capable of generating PWM waves within the range of 30 to 60Hz frequency and 400 to 3000 microseconds of pulse width; fifteen
     An internal SPI communications control module that allows the microcontroller to be a server of said bus and that has 3 pins that must be able to be used as independent digital inputs or outputs in case the SPI module of the microcontroller is not activated;
     2 independent interrupt input pins to the microcontroller, 20 configurable to trigger the corresponding interruptions per rising or falling edge, and capable of being used as independent digital input or output pins;
     8 independent digital output pins for which an unsigned 8-bit number can be sent; 25
     1 digital output pin; Y
     1 digital input pin that produces a reset on the microcontroller when set to a certain state (digital voltage);
     Have a supply for the microcontroller board mentioned in the previous point that can provide at least 500 milliamps at a voltage of 30 5v, which is regulated, and that is accessible to the educational electronic device through appropriate connectors; Y
     Have sufficient hardware and software to program the
    microcontroller resident on the board mentioned in the first point;
    characterized in that it comprises the following subsystems:
     Digital indicators subsystem, which provides the microcontroller with 5 light indicators, useful for debugging, data visualization and other purposes, and which allows programming from the microcontroller of 8 independent binary light signals (ON / OFF) in positive logic;
     Analog-digital conversion subsystem (DAC), which transforms to an analog voltage value in the range 0 - 5v, linearly, the existing 8-bit digital value 10 on the same microcontroller pins that act as subsystem inputs of digital indicators;
     RC + RLC subsystem, which consists of two electric circuit meshes, RC and RLC, with linear elements;
     External interface subsystem, which allows the use of additional external devices 15 when desired to carry out educational practices;
     Servo subsystem, which allows the control of external radiocontrol servomotors by means of a digital output pin of the microcontroller through which a PWM signal can be generated;
     Potentiometer subsystem, consisting of a linear potentiometer that allows the user to establish the value of a resistor and, through it, that of a voltage divider, thus generating an analog voltage signal between 0v and 5v that It is connected to an analog input pin;
     Button subsystem, which includes 3 buttons that the user can use to enter digital data or information and that are connected to three digital inputs 25 of the microcontroller;
     SRAM subsystem, responsible for storing data from the other subsystems, expanding the storage capacity in static RAM of the microcontroller; Y
     Miscellaneous subsystem, which includes components that support the other 30 subsystems.

    [2]
    2. Device according to the preceding claim characterized in that the digital signals received by the digital indicators subsystem are the same as those received by the DAC subsystem and are protected with resistors so that the total current consumption in case all the indicators light up simultaneously be acceptable by the power supply. 5

    [3]
    Device according to any one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that the analog output of the DAC subsystem is connected to the RC + RLC subsystem, said adjustable analog signal in order to in turn regulate the outputs of the RC + RLC subsystem, and said subsystem RC + RLC comprising a buffer at the input of the RC mesh that 10 receives said analog output signal from the DAC subsystem and replicates it without changes.

    [4]
    Device according to the preceding claim characterized in that the RC + RLC subsystem consists of an RC mesh consisting of a resistor and a capacitor in series, and an RLC mesh consisting of a resistor, an inductance and a capacitor in series , both meshes having unit gain so their outputs can be greater than 5v even if the analog signal of the DAC subsystem is in the range 0 - 5v.

    [5]
    5. Device according to the preceding claim characterized in that the values for the 20 components of the RC mesh are R = 100 ohms and C in the range 2 - 21.7µF; and the values of the RLC mesh components are R in the range 0-500 ohms, L = 47mH and C = 1µF.

    [6]
    6. Device according to the preceding claim characterized in that the RC mesh is manually configurable by means of two switches that allow selecting a capacitor value from a set of 4 different values: 2µF, 6.7µF, 17µF or 21.7µF.

    [7]
    7. Device according to any of claims 5 or 6 characterized in that the resistance of the RLC mesh is variable and configurable by a potentiometer. 30

    [8]
    8. Device according to any of claims 6 or 7 characterized in that the
    In addition to operating separately, RC and RLC meshes are interconnected so that the RC mesh constitutes a stage prior to the RLC mesh, determining the behavior of the interconnection by regulating the capacitor of the RC mesh.
     5
    [9]
    9. Device according to the preceding claim characterized in that by means of the switches that allow selecting a value of the capacitor of the RC mesh it is selected that the final output of the RC + RLC subsystem is either that of the RC mesh, or that of the RLC mesh, either that of the buffer at the entrance of the RC mesh without passing through said RC mesh or RLC mesh. 10

    [10]
    10. Device according to the preceding claim characterized in that the final output of the RC + RLC subsystem is protected by two cutting diodes to prevent voltages above 5v or below 0v from reaching the analog input of the microcontroller.
     fifteen
    [11]
    11. Device according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the external interface subsystem comprises an electrical input and an output interface operating in the voltage range of ± 10v.

    [12]
    12. Device according to the preceding claim characterized in that the external interface subsystem transmits, once connected to additional external devices, an analog signal of ± 10v towards them, output signal, and, simultaneously, receives another signal in it voltage range from them, input signal, said input and output signals not transmitting power.
     25
    [13]
    13. Device according to the preceding claim characterized in that the ± 10v output signal of the external interface subsystem is obtained from the analog output of the DAC subsystem by decoupling said DAC subsystem from the external interface subsystem by passing the output signal of the subsystem DAC first by a buffer and then by an operational amplifier that scales and shifts that signal. 30

    [14]
    14. Device according to any of claims 12 or 13 characterized in that the
    ± 10v input signal from the external interface subsystem is passed through two operational amplifiers that scale and move it to the range of 0v to 5v, which enters an analog pin of the microcontroller.

    [15]
    15. Device according to the preceding claim characterized in that the scaling and displacement of the input and output signals of the external interface subsystem reuse the same reference voltage of 1.25v, whose output limits the output of the DAC subsystem to the range from 0v to 2.5v.

    [16]
    16. Device according to any of claims 14 or 15 characterized in that the voltage conversion associated with the input and output signals of the external interface subsystem requires a power supply of ± 15v, said power supply produced by the miscellaneous subsystem from the 5v power of the microcontroller board.

    [17]
    17. Device according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the servo subsystem receives the PWM signal from the microcontroller, uses it to flash an LED, and, simultaneously, sends it to a series of physical connectors where various types of servomotors

    [18]
    18. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the series of connectors 20 comprises three different connectors: one for servomotors using GVS (ground-power-signal) connectors, another for servomotors using the VGS connector format, and the last for general loads that receive a power signal commanded by a PWM signal.
     25
    [19]
    19. Device according to the preceding claim characterized in that the servo subsystem comprises means for filtering the 5v supply that is sent to the servo in order to prevent the propagation of noise and voltage drops between the servo itself and the educational electronic device.
     30
    [20]
    20. Device according to the preceding claim characterized in that the servo subsystem comprises a resettable fuse in the servo supply path for situations
    exceptional

    [21]
    21. Device according to any of claims 18 to 20 characterized in that the servo subsystem comprises a servo current consumption sensor, located in the power supply path thereof, and implemented by means of a small value shunt resistor plus an amplifier of voltage, said sensor providing an analog voltage between 0v and 5v that is proportional to the current that the servo is consuming at all times.

    [22]
    22. Device according to the preceding claim characterized in that the data obtained by the servo current consumption sensor is stored using the SRAM subsystem being acquired through an analog input pin of the microcontroller.

    [23]
    23. Device according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the communications of the SRAM subsystem with the microcontroller can be disabled by means of one of the digital output pins of said microcontroller.

    [24]
    24. Device according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the miscellaneous subsystem comprises:
     A filtering circuit that avoids noise and voltage drops in the power supply of the educational electronic device, the output of said circuit being the 5v (and the earth) that feed the rest of the subsystems;
     A DC / DC converter that transforms the 5v of the previous filtering circuit into a ± 15v supply, necessary for the external interface subsystem;
     A replica of the pin names that the microcontroller provides to the educational electronic device; Y
     An electrical bridge that connects, conveniently protected (with a resistor), the digital output pin of the microcontroller that provides the PWM output signal for the servomotor subsystem, and a pin that receives one of the external interruptions of the microcontroller. 30

    [25]
    25. Device according to the preceding claim characterized in that the subsystem
    Miscellaneous also includes a resettable fuse for exceptional power consumption situations, and a power indicator LED.

    [26]
    26. Device according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the miscellaneous subsystem further comprises a button that activates the RESET signal of the microcontroller.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2622734B1|2018-01-09|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4091550A|1974-09-25|1978-05-30|Honeywell Inc.|Automated instructional apparatus and method|
    US4406627A|1980-03-21|1983-09-27|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force|Waveform simulator for an electronic system maintenance trainer|
    CN104424836A|2013-09-09|2015-03-18|郑州学生宝电子科技有限公司|Electronic technology experimental box for classroom teaching|
    CN103646585A|2013-12-17|2014-03-19|张玉馥|Embedded single-chip microcomputer application technology project training system|
    WO2015112103A1|2014-01-22|2015-07-30|Durukan Coşkun|Training and experiment system supported by an animation based full simulation method|CN112806842A|2019-11-18|2021-05-18|九阳股份有限公司|Pressure cooking appliance with split-type connected upper cover and cooking control method thereof|
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